Japan's effort taught Taiwan's elite, Japanese culture and language, but did not largely interfere in religious organization. Beginning during Japan's build up for war, Japan invigorated its policies to Japanize Taiwan for mobilization against the Allies. By the middle of the Japanese era (1895–1945), Taiwan had begun to shift from local to contemporary global culture, under the guidance of Japanese style “westernization”. Due to Taiwan's strategic location along East Asian trade routes, Taiwanese were also exposed to cosmopolitan influences and the effects of European commerce. Before the Qing Empire ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895, Taiwan's culture was characterized by Qing frontier societies of Han farmers and highland Aborigines.
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